DETR是使用变压器编码器 - 解码器架构的第一端到端对象检测器，并在高分辨率特征映射上展示竞争性能但低计算效率。随后的工作变形Detr，通过更换可变形的关注来提高DEDR的效率，这实现了10倍的收敛性和改进的性能。可变形DETR使用多尺度特征来改善性能，但是，与DETR相比，编码器令牌的数量增加了20倍，编码器注意的计算成本仍然是瓶颈。在我们的初步实验中，我们观察到，即使只更新了编码器令牌的一部分，检测性能也几乎没有恶化。灵感来自该观察，我们提出了稀疏的DETR，其仅选择性更新预期的解码器预期的令牌，从而有效地检测模型。此外，我们表明在编码器中的所选令牌上应用辅助检测丢失可以提高性能，同时最小化计算开销。即使在Coco数据集上只有10％的编码器令牌，我们验证稀疏DETR也可以比可变形DETR实现更好的性能。尽管只有编码器令牌稀疏，但总计算成本减少了38％，与可变形的Detr相比，每秒帧（FPS）增加42％。代码可在https://github.com/kakaobrain/sparse-dett

共享初始化参数的元学习已显示在解决少量学习任务方面非常有效。然而，将框架扩展到许多射击场景，这可能进一步提高其实用性，这一切相对忽略了由于内梯度步长的长链中的元学习的技术困难。在本文中，我们首先表明允许元学习者采取更多的内梯度步骤更好地捕获异构和大规模任务分布的结构，从而导致获得更好的初始化点。此外，为了增加元更新的频率，即使是过度长的内部优化轨迹，我们建议估计关于初始化参数的改变的任务特定参数的所需移位。通过这样做，我们可以随意增加元更新的频率，从而大大提高了元级收敛以及学习初始化的质量。我们验证了我们在异构的大规模任务集中验证了方法，并表明该算法在泛型性能和收敛方面以及多任务学习和微调基线方面主要优于先前的一阶元学习方法。 。

正规化和转移学习是两种流行的技术，可以增强看不见数据的概念，这是机器学习的根本问题。正则化技术是多功能的，因为它们是任务和架构 - 不可知论，但它们不会利用大量数据。传输学习方法学会从一个域转移到另一个域的知识，但可能无法跨解任务和架构拓展，并且可能会引入适应目标任务的新培训成本。为了弥合两者之间的差距，我们提出了一种可转移的扰动，Metaperturb，这是荟萃学会，以提高看不见数据的泛化性能。 Metaperturb实现为基于集的轻量级网络，该网络是不可知的，其尺寸和输入的顺序，它们在整个层上共享。然后，我们提出了一个元学习框架，共同训练了与异构任务相同的扰动功能。正如Metaperturb在层次和任务的不同分布上训练的集合函数，它可以概括为异构任务和架构。通过将不同的神经架构应用于各种规范和微调，验证对特定源域和架构的Metaperturb培训的疗效和普遍性，验证了特定的源域和架构的疗效和普遍性。结果表明，Metaperturb培训的网络显着优于大多数任务和架构的基线，参数大小的忽略不计，并且没有封闭曲调。

Understanding the informative structures of scenes is essential for low-level vision tasks. Unfortunately, it is difficult to obtain a concrete visual definition of the informative structures because influences of visual features are task-specific. In this paper, we propose a single general neural network architecture for extracting task-specific structure guidance for scenes. To do this, we first analyze traditional spectral clustering methods, which computes a set of eigenvectors to model a segmented graph forming small compact structures on image domains. We then unfold the traditional graph-partitioning problem into a learnable network, named \textit{Scene Structure Guidance Network (SSGNet)}, to represent the task-specific informative structures. The SSGNet yields a set of coefficients of eigenvectors that produces explicit feature representations of image structures. In addition, our SSGNet is light-weight ($\sim$ 55K parameters), and can be used as a plug-and-play module for off-the-shelf architectures. We optimize the SSGNet without any supervision by proposing two novel training losses that enforce task-specific scene structure generation during training. Our main contribution is to show that such a simple network can achieve state-of-the-art results for several low-level vision applications including joint upsampling and image denoising. We also demonstrate that our SSGNet generalizes well on unseen datasets, compared to existing methods which use structural embedding frameworks. Our source codes are available at https://github.com/jsshin98/SSGNet.

In many domains such as transportation and logistics, search and rescue, or cooperative surveillance, tasks are pending to be allocated with the consideration of possible execution uncertainties. Existing task coordination algorithms either ignore the stochastic process or suffer from the computational intensity. Taking advantage of the weakly coupled feature of the problem and the opportunity for coordination in advance, we propose a decentralized auction-based coordination strategy using a newly formulated score function which is generated by forming the problem into task-constrained Markov decision processes (MDPs). The proposed method guarantees convergence and at least 50% optimality in the premise of a submodular reward function. Furthermore, for the implementation on large-scale applications, an approximate variant of the proposed method, namely Deep Auction, is also suggested with the use of neural networks, which is evasive of the troublesome for constructing MDPs. Inspired by the well-known actor-critic architecture, two Transformers are used to map observations to action probabilities and cumulative rewards respectively. Finally, we demonstrate the performance of the two proposed approaches in the context of drone deliveries, where the stochastic planning for the drone league is cast into a stochastic price-collecting Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) with time windows. Simulation results are compared with state-of-the-art methods in terms of solution quality, planning efficiency and scalability.

In robotics and computer vision communities, extensive studies have been widely conducted regarding surveillance tasks, including human detection, tracking, and motion recognition with a camera. Additionally, deep learning algorithms are widely utilized in the aforementioned tasks as in other computer vision tasks. Existing public datasets are insufficient to develop learning-based methods that handle various surveillance for outdoor and extreme situations such as harsh weather and low illuminance conditions. Therefore, we introduce a new large-scale outdoor surveillance dataset named eXtremely large-scale Multi-modAl Sensor dataset (X-MAS) containing more than 500,000 image pairs and the first-person view data annotated by well-trained annotators. Moreover, a single pair contains multi-modal data (e.g. an IR image, an RGB image, a thermal image, a depth image, and a LiDAR scan). This is the first large-scale first-person view outdoor multi-modal dataset focusing on surveillance tasks to the best of our knowledge. We present an overview of the proposed dataset with statistics and present methods of exploiting our dataset with deep learning-based algorithms. The latest information on the dataset and our study are available at https://github.com/lge-robot-navi, and the dataset will be available for download through a server.

Task-oriented dialogue systems often assist users with personal or confidential matters. For this reason, the developers of such a system are generally prohibited from observing actual usage. So how can they know where the system is failing and needs more training data or new functionality? In this work, we study ways in which realistic user utterances can be generated synthetically, to help increase the linguistic and functional coverage of the system, without compromising the privacy of actual users. To this end, we propose a two-stage Differentially Private (DP) generation method which first generates latent semantic parses, and then generates utterances based on the parses. Our proposed approach improves MAUVE by 3.8$\times$ and parse tree node-type overlap by 1.4$\times$ relative to current approaches for private synthetic data generation, improving both on fluency and semantic coverage. We further validate our approach on a realistic domain adaptation task of adding new functionality from private user data to a semantic parser, and show gains of 1.3$\times$ on its accuracy with the new feature.

Task-oriented dialogue (TOD) systems are mainly based on the slot-filling-based TOD (SF-TOD) framework, in which dialogues are broken down into smaller, controllable units (i.e., slots) to fulfill a specific task. A series of approaches based on this framework achieved remarkable success on various TOD benchmarks. However, we argue that the current TOD benchmarks are limited to surrogate real-world scenarios and that the current TOD models are still a long way from unraveling the scenarios. In this position paper, we first identify current status and limitations of SF-TOD systems. After that, we explore the WebTOD framework, the alternative direction for building a scalable TOD system when a web/mobile interface is available. In WebTOD, the dialogue system learns how to understand the web/mobile interface that the human agent interacts with, powered by a large-scale language model.

Any classifier can be "smoothed out" under Gaussian noise to build a new classifier that is provably robust to $\ell_2$-adversarial perturbations, viz., by averaging its predictions over the noise via randomized smoothing. Under the smoothed classifiers, the fundamental trade-off between accuracy and (adversarial) robustness has been well evidenced in the literature: i.e., increasing the robustness of a classifier for an input can be at the expense of decreased accuracy for some other inputs. In this paper, we propose a simple training method leveraging this trade-off to obtain robust smoothed classifiers, in particular, through a sample-wise control of robustness over the training samples. We make this control feasible by using "accuracy under Gaussian noise" as an easy-to-compute proxy of adversarial robustness for an input. Specifically, we differentiate the training objective depending on this proxy to filter out samples that are unlikely to benefit from the worst-case (adversarial) objective. Our experiments show that the proposed method, despite its simplicity, consistently exhibits improved certified robustness upon state-of-the-art training methods. Somewhat surprisingly, we find these improvements persist even for other notions of robustness, e.g., to various types of common corruptions.

Test-time adaptation (TTA) has attracted significant attention due to its practical properties which enable the adaptation of a pre-trained model to a new domain with only target dataset during the inference stage. Prior works on TTA assume that the target dataset comes from the same distribution and thus constitutes a single homogeneous domain. In practice, however, the target domain can contain multiple homogeneous domains which are sufficiently distinctive from each other and those multiple domains might occur cyclically. Our preliminary investigation shows that domain-specific TTA outperforms vanilla TTA treating compound domain (CD) as a single one. However, domain labels are not available for CD, which makes domain-specific TTA not practicable. To this end, we propose an online clustering algorithm for finding pseudo-domain labels to obtain similar benefits as domain-specific configuration and accumulating knowledge of cyclic domains effectively. Moreover, we observe that there is a significant discrepancy in terms of prediction quality among samples, especially in the CD context. This further motivates us to boost its performance with gradient denoising by considering the image-wise similarity with the source distribution. Overall, the key contribution of our work lies in proposing a highly significant new task compound domain test-time adaptation (CD-TTA) on semantic segmentation as well as providing a strong baseline to facilitate future works to benchmark.